About Khabarovsk Krai
 The Khabarovsky krai is a largest area administrative and territorial
unit of the Russian Federation. It occupies the central part of the Russian Far
East stretching for 1,800 km from south to north and 125— 750 km from west
to east. The distance from its center to Moscow is 8,533 km by rail and 6,075
km by air. The krai territory is 788.6 thousand sq. km, i.e. 4,6% of
Russia’s entire territory.
The krai borders with China along
the Us-sun river and the Amurskaya branch, its nearest Russian neighbors are
the Primorsky krai, the Amurskaya, the Magadanskaya and the Jewish Autonomous
oblasts and the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. It is washed from the east by the Sea
of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan, the Tatar and the Nevelskoy Straits separate
it from Sakhalin island. The coastline indented with numerous bays is 2.5
thousand km long. Besides its main continental part the krai includes several
islands the Shantarskiye islands being the largest ones.
Administrative and Territorial
Structure
The Khabarovsky krai includes 17
administrative rayons, six towns subordinated to the krai and one to the rayon,
25 industrial settlements and 483 rural settlements. The capital of the
Khabarovsky krai is the town of Khabarovsk.
 Population
About 1,600,000 people inhabit the
krai. The urban population including the industrial settlements is 80% of the
total. The population density is 2 per sq. km.
In the ethnic composition of the
population Russians prevail (over 86%), Ukrainians, Byelorussians, Tatars and
25 low-numbered indigenous peoples of the North are also registered.
Khabarovsk Krai History
 Settling in the Far East started in 17th century. In 1639 agroup of
Cossacksunder Ivan Moskvitin reached the Sea of Okhotsk shore. In the UIya
river estuary on the sea shore the first ostrog (a fortified settlement with a
prison) was built.
In 1643 in search of the unknown
Dauria land as western Priamurye was called then the Yakutskoye voevodstvo (the
military district of the time) sent a Cossack group under Vassily Poyarkov. In
the spring of the following year the group having sailed down the Zeya reached
the Amur. The Vologda peasant Erofei Khabarov came here after Poyarkov with the
team of 100 men in 1650. A part of the team stayed in the Daurian townlet of
Albazin. From that time on new settlements arose around Albazin, new crafts
 developed as trade did. In 1682
the Albazinskoye voevodstvo was officially included in the Russian state
system. Thus in the 40— 60ies of 17th century Priamurye was in fact added
to Russia’s domain.
In the middle of 18th century
Russia registered the epoch-making discoveries in the Far East. The expedition
of G. I. Nevelskoy (1849—1855) proved that the Amur was navigable for
sea-going vessels and ascertained that Sakhalin was an island. In 1850
Nevelskoy went up the Amur estuary and started the first military post of
Nikolaevsky there.
1853— 1856 was the period of
the so-called Amur upstream expeditions that laid the foundation for the new
era of mass population coming to Priamurye. These upstream expeditions
organized by Governor General N. N. Muravyov on rafts, barges, ferries, became
a prelude to the exploration of the new lands.
Landscape
 The Khabarovskykrai is predominantly mountainous. About 3/4 of the
krai area are mountains and plateaus from 500 to 2,000 m high in the west, 700
— 1,400 in the south-east and 800—2,500 m in its north. The largest
plain is the Sredneamurskya (Midstream Amur) Lowland in the Amur river basin
between the towns of Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-na-Amure.
Flora and Fauna
The Khabarovsky krai is located in
the forested area. The forests are mostly coniferous. Among other species here
grow oak, ash, elm,
 maple. Of non-timber resources most valuable
are the unique Far Eastern medicinal herbs: ginseng, eleuterococce, schizandra,
aralia. The coniferous forests of the Khabarovsky krai are inhabited by the
hoofed animals (elk, reindeer, boar, Siberian roe, musk deer), fur-bearing
animals (sable, Siberian weasel, fox, squirrel, muskrat, river otter, brown
bear, wolf, etc.), the north is habitat to northern deer, ermine, skunk bear.
Lynx, Himalayan black bear and Amur tiger are found here too.
Climate
 Winter on the larger part of the krai
territory is long, dry and harsh. The mean January temperatures are -22°C
in the south down to - 40°C in the north, while on the coast they range
from -18°C to -24°C. The absolute temperature minimum even in the krai
south reaches -50°C. Summer is warm and humid. The hottest month of July
mean temperatures for the south are +20°C, for the north +15°C. The
annual precipitation norm is 400 — 600 mm in the north and 600—800 on
the plains and eastern slopes of mountain ranges. The krai south registers up
to 90% of all precipitation in the season from April to October and especially
much in July — August.
Economy
 Industry plays a key role in the Khabarovsky
krai economy. The krai is prominent not only in the Far East but also in
overall Russia for many of its production items (timber, non-ferrous and
precious metals, fish, casting machines, gantry cranes, the defense industry
products).
The Khabarovsky krai
machine-building and metal working facilities are largest and most diversified
in the Far East of Russia. Transport machine-building including aircraft and
vessel-manufacturing is well developed. The krai accounts for about 30% of the
regional machine building industry output.
Science and Culture
The Khabarovsky krai has a
considerable research potential. About 35 research centers are active in the
krai: institutes, laboratories, experimental stations, design bureaus. 14
higher education institutions train specialists.
Telecommunications
 Khabarovsk is the main
telecommunications center for all kinds of telecommunications that exist in the
world. Many reputable hotels in towns provide worldwide telecommunication
service to their clients. To call to another Russian town (and some CIS states)
dial 8 then the town area code and the needed number. For international
connection you need to dial 8 — 10— town area code — number.
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